处方药背后隐藏的真相

Much of the data from clinical trials is withheld from the public, says scientist and advocate Sile Lane. This missing information is costing money, time and even people’s lives.

处方药背后隐藏的真相

科学家兼倡导者Síle Lane指出,大量临床试验数据至今未向公众公开。这些缺失的信息正在浪费金钱、耗费时间,甚至夺去人们的生命。

有一个事实可能会让你大吃一惊:在当今我们所使用的药物中,大约有一半的临床试验从未公布其研究结果。

我第一次听到这个消息时,深感震惊。坦率地说,直到现在依然如此。和大多数人一样,我曾以为所有经过官方批准、开具处方并上市销售的药物都是安全有效的。然而,通过我作为科学家和医学研究倡导者的工作(TEDxMadrid演讲:临床试验的隐秘一面),我了解到了这一令人不安的事实。这些数据至关重要——除了被监管机构用于决定某种药物是否应当上市销售之外,医生也依赖这些数据来决定给患者开具哪种药物,研究人员也需要借助这些数据来评估是否有必要开展进一步的实验。

仅凭一半试验的结果,决策者根本无法获得做出明智决策所需的完整信息。有一个臭名昭著的案例:一种名为洛卡尼德的心脏病药物在20世纪80年代于美国和英国开展了临床试验。结果显示,服用该药物的患者在试验期间的死亡率远高于未服用者——然而,这一结果直到该药物上市销售十年之后才得以公布。据估计,在此期间,超过10万人因服用这种失败的药物而死亡。还有另一个案例:英国一位监管官员在十年前向政府建议购买一批达菲(Tamiflu)的库存,这是一种抗流感药物。该建议自然是基于临床试验结果作出的。出于对流感大流行的担忧,政府不止一次,而是两次购入了大量储备,总共花费了4.73亿英镑。然而,一些研究人员意识到,实际上只有一小部分试验结果被公开发布。经过艰难争取,独立研究机构Cochrane终于获准查阅完整的研究数据并对其进行了分析。2014年,该机构的科学家发布报告,得出结论:达菲并无实际疗效。近五亿英镑的政府资金就此付诸东流。

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