世界如此美好,我们为何仍不快乐?

Anxiety could be the price that we have to pay for freedom, suggests psychologist Steven Pinker.

世界如此美好,我们为何仍不快乐?

心理学家史蒂文·平克认为,焦虑或许是我们为自由所付出的代价。

谈及幸福感,许多人都是表现不佳的”差生”。美国人在发达国家同伴中落于人后,其幸福感在有时被称为”美国世纪”的时代里停滞不前。婴儿潮一代尽管在和平与繁荣中成长,却被证明是一个饱受困扰的世代——这令他们的父辈们大惑不解,那一代人曾亲历大萧条、第二次世界大战,以及——对我的许多同龄人而言——犹太人大屠杀。美国女性在收入、教育、成就与自主权方面取得了前所未有的进步,幸福感却反而下降;而在其他发达国家,即便整体幸福感有所提升,女性的增幅也落后于男性。考虑到我们的世界已变得如此美好,我们所有人的幸福感都远不及应有的水平。

对于一些评论者来说,这些幸福感的缺失已成为质疑现代性的理由。他们认为,我们的不快乐是对个人主义崇拜、物质财富追逐,以及对家庭、传统、宗教和社群纽带日渐瓦解的默许所招致的报应。

那些对传统习俗心怀眷恋的人,已经忘记了我们的先辈曾多么艰难地挣脱那些束缚。

然而,理解现代性的遗产有另一种方式。那些对传统习俗心怀眷恋的人,已经忘记了我们的先辈曾多么艰难地挣脱那些束缚。尽管没有人向那些生活在被现代性所松动的紧密社群中的人们发放幸福感问卷,但那一时代创作的许多伟大艺术作品,却真实呈现了这些社群的阴暗面:思想的狭隘、对个性的压制、部落主义,以及对女性自主权的塔利班式限制。

从18世纪中叶到20世纪初,大量小说描绘了个人为冲破贵族、资产阶级或乡村社会令人窒息的规范而进行的种种抗争。这些作品的作者包括:塞缪尔·理查森、威廉·萨克雷、夏洛蒂·勃朗特、乔治·艾略特、特奥多尔·冯塔内、古斯塔夫·福楼拜、列夫·托尔斯泰、亨利克·易卜生、路易莎·梅·奥尔科特、托马斯·哈代、安东·契诃夫以及辛克莱

原创文章,作者:codex2,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.ormemo.com/1338.html

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