图集:太空摄影的艺术与科学

Hubble’s photo editor, Zoltan Levay, explains how he captures the invisible colors of the cosmos.

哈勃望远镜图片编辑佐尔坦·莱维解释他如何捕捉宇宙中肉眼不可见的色彩。

佐尔坦·莱维迫切希望澄清一个关于他工作的误解。是的,他确实编辑来自哈勃太空望远镜的照片,但他的工作并非出于主观审美。他是一位天文学家,与其说是在”编辑”图像,不如说是在增强图像,以真实呈现遥远星系中正在发生的一切。问题在于,星系的光线抵达地球时往往已经极为暗淡。我们的眼睛对阳光的感知极为出色,但莱维说,在观测太空方面,哪怕借助摄影手段,人眼也实在”差劲”。因此,为了生动呈现太空中真实发生的景象,他必须让不可见之物变得可见。如何做到?他在此描述了自己对”创生之柱”的编辑过程——这是美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的标志性照片,画面中三根气态羽流从鹰状星云中一批新生恒星组成的星团中升腾而起,高度达50万亿公里,距地球约6500光年。

原始素材

哈勃望远镜的原始图像以黑白照片的形式传回。每张照片会以不同曝光量拍摄三次,莱维的任务便是将这三张图像混合叠加,以获得最准确的结果。拥有同一图像三个版本的一大优势在于:宇宙射线会在哈勃的光线探测器上随机留下一些光斑,使图像看起来像是有人在上面撒了盐。通过将三张图像叠放在一起,莱维可以识别并去除这些杂散光斑。


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