英语属于每一个人

The language we speak shapes our identity and our society. So let’s celebrate the diversity of English dialects.

英语属于每一个人

为什么一份由实习生制作、于2013年末发布在《纽约时报》上的方言测验,会成为全年浏览量最高的文章之一?我有一个猜测:因为人们想要了解自己,而我们说话的方式恰恰能揭示许多关于我们的信息。语言对我们的身份认同至关重要——这正是为什么身为费城人的我,会固执地把那份夹着火鸡肉、生菜和番茄的三明治叫做”hoagie”。不叫”grinder”,不叫”sub”,也不叫”hero”——就是”hoagie”。

在一场精彩的口语表演中,贾米拉·莱斯科特(Jamila Lyiscott)将英语方言与社会中更宏观的身份认同和权力议题巧妙地联系在一起。语言既是普世的,又极度私密的。从定义上看,语言依赖于与他人的接触和交流,但同时它也塑造了我们的个性与自我。语言关乎权力与身份认同,它在殖民地与帝国之间、在家庭与个体认同之间不断演绎。

方言尤其是审视身份认同与权力动态的绝佳切入点,因为它是两种不同文化的交汇之地。身为艺术家和教育活动家的莱斯科特,自豪地掌握三种语言——三种由奴隶制、殖民主义和非洲离散史所塑造的独特英语方言。”我之所以说着一种你们语言的混合版本,”莱斯科特说,”是因为我的语言连同我的历史一起,被强行剥夺了。”

美国向来是世界各地文化与语言的汇聚之所。有些人是自愿来到这里,另一些人则是被迫而来。纽约市近40%的人口出生于海外,使其成为世界上语言最为多元的地方。这座城市汇聚了数千种语言、方言以及像”Spanglish”(西班牙语与英语的混合语)这样的混合变体。因此,我们用于交流的语言是流动而开放的。不同于法语或西班牙语,英语没有官方机构来对其进行规范定义,它甚至不是美国的官方语言。

这赋予了美式英语使用者将语言掌握在自己手中的权力与灵活性,推动它不断生长与演变。语言赋予我们塑造世界的力量,而这种力量是我们所有人共同拥有的。

让我们在社会的各个领域都运用这种力量。让我们彰显文化自豪感,说一种与我们传承相连的方言。让我们推动性别中立代词的使用——这场倡议近年来已由瑞典率先引领。让我们反对非自愿的语言消亡。让我们让这种力量更加平等,使我们每个人都能对语言的运作方式发声,不受经济因素的左右。

原创文章,作者:codex2,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.ormemo.com/2654.html

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