British psychologist Elizabeth Stokoe studies the patterns in talk that most of us don’t even notice. She explains how her research can be used to train people to interact more effectively.
人们花了大量时间彼此交谈，而且总体上做得相当不错。在日常对话中，我们可能会感到兴奋、愤怒、尴尬，或者——如果幸运的话——感受到爱意。那么，思考关于话语的科学是否真的有意义？对于我们”本能就会做”的事情进行科学分析，究竟能带来什么收获？
我相信答案是肯定的。过去二十年里，我一直在研究真实的人在真实情境中实时产生的真实话语。尽管语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基曾将对话描述为一种”混乱无序的现象”，但我可以告诉你，事实并非如此。对话具有高度的系统性与组织性……而且它向我们揭示了语言塑造日常生活的惊人力量。
以南希和海拉这两位朋友之间一通普通电话为例。下文的转录遵循标准会话分析转写体系，不仅记录语调，还呈现实际发出的声音，而非仅仅是词语的正确拼写（词语下方的横线代表重音及音调的起伏变化，等号表示话轮衔接非常迅速）：
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