克拉丽莎坐在我的诊室里,双手捂脸。
“我为什么没有看出那些迹象?”她对着掌心自言自语。她刚刚结束了一段婚姻——她发现丈夫在婚后三年里一直在欺骗她。
“他总是对我交谈的每一个人、我去的每一个地方都嫉妒不已,”她继续说,”而其实我一直应该关注的是他自己的行为。我早该意识到,他的占有欲和不断的指控,其实是在’出卖’他自己。”
某天深夜,他迟迟未归,远超预计回家的时间。当她拦住他时,某种直觉驱使她去检查他的车。她发现了一件小小的黑色开衫——比她的尺码小了整整两号。
但他试图说服她,那件衣服是她的。”好像我会忘记自己买过一件这么小、这么紧的毛衣,”她对他明显的煤气灯操控行为愤愤不平。当煤气灯操控失效后,他又转而使出刻意营造的魅力,试图挽回她。他跪地求饶,而她就站在那里,满心震惊。
他的最后一招,是将责任推到她身上。
“你还能指望什么,克拉丽莎?你在银行的工作让你根本没时间陪我,”他说。
他的行为令人发指,却又如此可预测。和许多人一样,克拉丽莎在质问前任出轨一事时,发现了清晰的规律——规律如此鲜明,这些行为几乎可以被视为一套”剧本”,一本他们在做坏事被抓住时照章行事的手册。
许多被具有自恋特质的人欺骗过的人,都会好奇自恋者是否更容易不忠:对此,我的回答是:既是,也不是。无论是否具有人格障碍的特质,所有人都有可能出轨。但由于自恋的核心特征之一是缺乏同情心与共情能力,这使得他们在出轨后更不容易感到悔恨或愧疚。
为了更直观地说明这一过程,以下是自恋者出轨的六种潜规则模式——这些模式是我在长期与创伤性及自恋性关系的幸存者合作的实践中频繁观察到的:
1. 只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯:具有人格障碍特质(如自恋)的人,往往认为自己凌驾于规则之上——无论是社会规则还是关系规则。他们常常对你提出自己却不打算遵守的要求。这可能涉及如何穿着、去哪里、与谁来往、如何花钱,以及在关系之外何种行为是合适且可接受的。即便他们明确表示调情对你来说不可接受,你也大可相信他们根本不会以同样的标准要求自己。
2. 他们的指控,正是他们的自我揭露:自恋者的一个典型特征是,他们常常将自身的负面特质投射到伴侣身上:如果他们不忠,就会声称是你在出轨。这也是为什么许多患有自恋型人格障碍(NPD)的人无法意识到或承认自己有任何过错,也看不出自己的行为有何问题——他们的认知扭曲往往使他们无法看清自身行为的真实面目。
3. 他们常以煤气灯操控转移注意力:当被抓住,或面临被揭穿的风险时,许多NPD患者会采取不健康、功能失调的行为,将注意力从自身及其行为上转移开来。他们会告诉你,你疯了,你在捏造,或者你一定是搞错了。这往往会让受害者开始怀疑自己,忍不住想:我真的是在无中生有吗?
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