“单身”是一个含义出人意料地复杂的词,有着许多不同的意涵。人们对单身意味着什么的传统理解,并不总是与单身人士的实际生活体验相符。耶鲁大学社会学家汉娜·泰斯勒在2023年《家庭理论与评论杂志》发表的一篇重要文章《单身状态的稳定性》中,阐释了”单身”的真正含义与误解。
传统单身观念的4个误区
1. 单身是一种缺失
单身常常被理解为,甚至被定义为缺少一段恋爱关系。这是一种对单身生活的”缺失叙事”,认为单身意味着你的生活中有所欠缺。但单身人士通常与更多不同的人保持联系。他们中的许多人拥有的是”那些重要的人”,而非”唯一的那个人”。
2. 非单身即恋爱
“你是单身还是在谈恋爱?”看似是个简单的问题,但真的如此吗?泰斯勒认为并非如此。如果问两个处于新恋情中的人是否在谈恋爱,他们可能给出不同的答案,尤其是当他们还没有进行过那场”定义关系”或正式确认的谈话时。
有些人认同自己是”独立多边恋者”。他们可能同时身处多段关系中,包括浪漫/性关系以及柏拉图式关系,同时将自己视为自己的首要伴侣。他们无法被简单地归入”单身”或”恋爱中”的二元框架。
在传统用法中,”关系”是”恋爱关系”的简称。但事实上,”关系”是一个宽广而包容的词。单身人士往往与朋友、亲人、导师以及其他特别的人保持着亲密而有意义的关系。从这个意义上说,他们常常同时身处多段关系之中。
3. 单身就意味着可以追求
泰斯勒指出:”单身常常与’有意愿被约会或开始恋爱关系’混为一谈。”但许多单身人士对恋爱关系或约会并不感兴趣,包括许多本质上热爱单身生活的人以及无浪漫倾向者。(两者是各自独立但有所重叠的类别;在本质上热爱单身的人群中,无浪漫倾向者的比例高于其他人群,无性恋者的比例也相对更高。)
4. 单身只是暂时的
单身生活常常被视为一种过渡状态,是人们等待”那个对的人”出现之前的暂居之所。但许多人,包括本质上热爱单身的人,对于走出单身毫无兴趣。他们想要保持单身。
不仅仅是本质上热爱单身的人有这种想法。泰斯勒引用了一项针对美国成年人的全国性调查,受访者被问及:”如果遇到合适的人,你会想结婚吗?”结果发现近半数人(48%)回答”不想”!
如果你现在单身,会一直单身下去吗?
泰斯勒认为,单身人士是否可能持续单身,取决于他们是否想要一段恋爱关系,以及他们是否对恋爱持开放态度。这两个问题听起来相似,但实际上并不相同。
不想谈恋爱,但对恋爱持开放态度的单身者
一些单身人士对单身生活相当满足(他们不想要恋爱关系),但因为感受到太大的成双入对的社会压力,他们对恋爱关系持开放态度。如果有人约他们,他们可能会答应,尽管他们其实更想待在家里读书或与朋友相聚。
可能享受恋爱关系,但对恋爱不持开放态度的单身者
另一些单身人士可能想要恋爱关系,但他们并不对此持开放态度。一些宗教人士,如神父、修女和僧侣,可能被要求保持独身,无论他们是否有建立恋爱/性关系的意愿。一些丧偶人士出于对已故配偶的忠诚,选择永不再婚,即便他们或许能够享受一段新的恋爱关系。
单身生活必读
相关推荐
-
We are all such multilayered beings with an abundance of gifts, talents, interests, and ideas. Poet and author Cleo Wade asks: So why are we putting the pressure on ourselves to have one purpose or one passion?
-
As the sharing economy gains market share, it needs more support and structure to grow in the right directions. A new book sketches out the future of work.
-
Pope Francis’ June 2015 encyclical “Laudato Si: On care for our common home” has been praised for supporting the science on climate change. But as Johan Rockström, who’s been involved in high-level discussions between scientists and the Vatican, explains, the story of how the Pope has integrated science and religion represents a profound shift in world view.
-
In one of the world’s most polluted cities, there’s a futuristic tower that sucks up smog, turns it into clean air, and filters out the smog particles so they can be turned into diamonds.
-
Matt Kenyon’s art doesn’t just cast a sardonic eye on the systems around us; it also infiltrates and subverts them. He walks us through some of his projects.
-
By using the first day as a time for people to tap into their best selves — and not just fill out paperwork — companies could ease their stress and bring out their full potential, says business school professor Daniel Cable.
-
Computer scientist and founder of encrypted email service, ProtonMail, Andy Yen argues that privacy is a fundamental right that should not be squandered in the name of security.
-
Romantic love is great, but anyone who has had a broken heart knows that it is not enough to form a lasting relationship.
-
In 2002, Ingrid Betancourt was campaigning to become president of Colombia when she was kidnapped by guerillas. She was held in the jungle for six years. With fear her constant companion, she learned how to use it and grow.
-
巴基斯坦活动人士哈利达·布罗希通过创建”苏哈尔赋权协会”,以刺绣为纽带,将女性聚集在一起,在传授传统技艺的同时传播权利意识,以一种出人意料的方式挑战荣誉杀人陋习,推动女性赋权。